Gambel’s Quail (Callipepla gambelii) is a charming ground-dwelling bird often scurrying through Arizona’s desert landscapes. With a distinctive topknot and elaborate plumage, this bird is an emblem of the Southwest’s unique wildlife. Known for their social behavior and quick movements, Gambel’s Quail are a delight to observe, making them a favorite among birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.
Quick Facts:
- Scientific Name: Callipepla gambelii
- Average Length: 11 inches (28 cm)
- Wingspan: 14-16 inches (36-41 cm)
- Primary Habitat: Deserts of Southwestern U.S.
- Conservation Status: Least Concern
Subspecies Information:
Gambel’s Quail has two recognized subspecies, each adapted to slightly different regions:
- C. g. fulvipectus: Found in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico down to Southern Sonora in Mexico.
- C. g. gambelii: Ranges from Utah and Nevada through the Mojave Desert to Colorado, Northeastern Baja California, and Tiburón Island.
Physical Dimensions:
Gambel’s Quail is a small bird. The average length reaches about 11 inches (28 cm), and their wingspan ranges from 14 to 16 inches (36-41 cm). They have short, rounded wings and long, unfeathered legs. Males typically weigh around 6 ounces (170 grams), while females are slightly smaller.
Identification:
Gambel’s Quail are easily recognized by the plume of feathers on their heads, which resembles a teardrop. Males have striking features, with a black face, white head markings, and a copper crown. Their bodies are bluish-gray. Females lack the black face and copper crown, displaying a more muted brown color for camouflage.
Local Habitats:
In Arizona, Gambel’s Quail can be found across various arid regions, from the Sonoran Desert to the scrublands. Common locations include:
- Saguaro National Park
- Tonto National Forest
- Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix
Natural Habitat:
Gambel’s Quail thrive in areas with a mix of shrubs, cacti, and open ground. They prefer regions where they can quickly dart to cover if threatened. These quails are often found in dry deserts, arid grasslands, and foothill regions where water sources are scarce, but vegetation provides shelter and food.
What They Eat:
These birds have a varied diet that includes:
- Seeds from shrubs, grasses, and cacti
- Leaves and other plant parts
- Fruits and berries
- Insects, especially for chicks
Gambel’s Quail forage on the ground, pecking and scratching to uncover food. They are primarily herbivorous, but their diet shifts to include more insects during the breeding season for protein.
Migratory Behavior:
Gambel’s Quail are non-migratory birds. They generally remain within the same geographical area throughout their lives. During the hotter parts of the day, they rest in shaded areas, becoming more active during cooler mornings and evenings.
Conservation Status:
Gambel’s Quail is listed as a species of “Least Concern” by the IUCN. However, they do face threats such as habitat loss due to urbanization and prolonged droughts affecting food availability. Efforts to maintain their habitat through conservation practices are essential for their continued presence in the wild.
