The White-eared Hummingbird, with its iridescent feathers and distinctive white ear patch, is a captivating sight in the montane forests of Central America. This small yet vibrant bird flits gracefully through the dense foliage, bringing a splash of color to its mountainous habitats. Known scientifically as Basilinna leucotis, this species is celebrated not only for its striking appearance but also for its remarkable adaptability and resilience. From southern Arizona to Nicaragua, these hummingbirds thrive in diverse environments, making them a fascinating subject for bird enthusiasts and researchers alike.
Classification and Evolutionary Background
The White-eared Hummingbird, scientifically known as Basilinna leucotis, has a rich taxonomic history. Initially classified under the Trochilus genus, this bird has undergone several reclassifications over time due to advancements in molecular phylogenetics and a deeper understanding of avian relationships. In 2014, a pivotal study by McGuire et al. utilized genetic data to reassess and refine the evolutionary tree of hummingbirds. This comprehensive research led to the reclassification of many species, including our featured bird, moving it into the Basilinna genus.
This species boasts three subspecies:
- Basilinna leucotis leucotis – The primary subspecies found throughout much of its range
- Basilinna leucotis borealis – Typically inhabits more northern regions within its range
- Basilinna leucotis pygmaea – Generally smaller in size compared to its counterparts and found in specific localized areas
Physical Characteristics
Measuring between 9 to 10 cm in length, males typically weigh about 3.6 g, while females are slightly lighter at around 3.2 g. Both sexes share similar physical traits across subspecies but differ somewhat in coloration and size depending on the subspecies.
Where They Live
From southern Arizona stretching to Nicaragua, this hummingbird prefers montane regions with abundant pine and oak forests ranging from 1,200 to 3,500 meters above sea level.
Behaviors to Note
These birds are permanent residents in most of their range but may migrate south or adjust elevations depending on seasonal changes within their northernmost and southernmost habitats.
Feeding Habits
White-eared Hummingbirds primarily feed on nectar from various flowering plants and occasionally consume small insects for protein.
Reproductive Patterns
Breeding seasons vary by location; however, typical behaviors include males displaying at leks to attract females and constructing cup-shaped nests where females lay two eggs per breeding attempt.
Communication Sounds
Their vocal repertoire includes a series of metallic chips and tink sounds used for communication across the dense habitats they occupy.
Conservation Status
Classified as Least Concern by IUCN standards due to its extensive range and stable population numbers despite not having precise population trends documented.
This fascinating bird is an essential part of Arizona’s natural beauty. It thrives along the edges of forests, where it’s less vulnerable to habitat fragmentation than other montane species—a true gem of the Southwest!
